Suchergebnisse

The Pakistan Agricultural Sector Model (PASM) developed by
Davies et al. (1991) was modified to enhance the livestock sub-sector.
Nutrient-based rations replaced feedstuff-based rations and dry matter
minimum and maximum constraints (stomach capacity) were added. Several
initial simulations were undertaken to examine the structure of the
modified model and its impact across the crop and livestock sub-sectors.
These simulations included relaxing exogenous livestock numbers and
selected crop hectarage constraints, and requiring that green forage be
fed in the season grown. Most importantly, the results demonstrated that
fodder hectarage will grow with livestock numbers to insure that
sufficient green forage is available seasonally. Two other analyses were
performed to demonstrate the need to specify linkages between the crop
and livestock sub-sectors. An analysis of transforming the livestock
sub-sector from traditional to feedlot-based technology demonstrated
that the reduced numbers of non-milking cattle needed for a given output
of meat would provide the potential for increased production of various
crops and other livestock products. Also, expanded cotton and Irri rice
exports, hypothesised to occur through trade liberalisation from the
Uruguay Round of the GATT, highlighted other inter-relationships between
the crop and livestock sub-sectors. Greater production of both livestock
and other crops might accompany the expansion of cotton production but
less livestock feed would be available with expanded exports of Irri
rice.

The integration of Lithuania into the European Union requires serious preparation, determining possible changes in agrarian sector and rural development and their consequences, ensuring the necessary information supply to finding and substantiation of rational strategic solutions. The paper analyzes trends of systematic analysis of the agrarian sector of the region, tools for the search of solutions, reveals the possibilities of modelling methods and information technologies application in determining the sustainable development strategy. The suggested methodic of integrated modelling of agricultural production processes in regional and farm level is introduced. The scheme of agrarian production system and some functional dependencies are presented. The problems that are expected to be solved in future are formulated. First Published Online: 14 Oct 2010

The integration of Lithuania into the European Union requires serious preparation, determining possible changes in agrarian sector and rural development and their consequences, ensuring the necessary information supply to finding and substantiation of rational strategic solutions. The paper analyzes trends of systematic analysis of the agrarian sector of the region, tools for the search of solutions, reveals the possibilities of modelling methods and information technologies application in determining the sustainable development strategy. The suggested methodic of integrated modelling of agricultural production processes in regional and farm level is introduced. The scheme of agrarian production system and some functional dependencies are presented. The problems that are expected to be solved in future are formulated. First Published Online: 14 Oct 2010

The different politics of state support of prices and incomes in agricultural sector are analyzed by using the tools of demand and supply curves.

This paper makes use of a recursive agricultural sector model to assess the impact of the economic and agricultural reforms undertaken under different Structural Adjustment Programmes (SAP) on food security in Benin. The most relevant food security indicators included in the model are food production and its consequences with regard to rural income changes, changes in food composition at the rural level and the caloric intake of urban consumers. The results show that while the reforms improved nominal income for almost all types of farmers, especially cotton producers and among them particularly those with animal traction, the social costs in terms of urban welfare decline have been high, notably for low and medium-income groups. Simulated food prices under reforms are higher than those without, which has led to a decrease in urban consumers'caloric intake (as a percentage of FAO recommended caloric requirements), especially that of low and medium-income households. The results show the high vulnerability of poor consumers: since their intake was very close to the FAO minimum requirements, any external shock in the form of higher food prices endangers their food security. The results have been confirmed by our findings from the survey carried out in 1997 in the Borgou Province, the most important agricultural production area of the country, where the reforms have contributed to a decrease in food production and marketing in favour of cotton production. To mitigate the negative effects of SAP on poor urban consumers, who are the main losers, vitally important measures which could be recommended include employment or food for work programmes, and promotion of private sector development (résumé des auteurs)

This paper charts the performance of the agriculture sector in Malawi for the period 2000 – 2013 (with particular attention paid to the last three to four years of the said period). In the quest to attain this aim the paper empirically focuses on the significance of mapping the performance of the sector in the form of trends against the baseline sectoral performance targets enlisted in the ASWAP, CAADP Framework and SADC RISDP. The consistent and concerted efforts by the Government of Malawi and development partners to meet the ASWAP, CAADP framework and SADC RISDP targets have resulted in the country making commendable economic growth and poverty alleviation. The country has been able to attain the 6% agricultural growth target despite the questionable quality of public expenditure. It is also interesting to note that changes in the agriculture sector appear to have had influence on incomes, poverty and malnourishment. The trend analysis led to the following findings; the growth in agricultural GDP and the annual GDP growth of the country surpassed the CAADP target of 6% annual growth and this culminated to an increase in production (cereal and livestock production) and productivity (land productivity) despite the fact that the country has not met the irrigation and fertiliser used targets. This increase in production and productivity may be earnestly attributed substantially public invested in the agriculture sector to meet the CAADP 10% target of the total budget to agriculture. However, this increase in agricultural GDP annual growth has not had a significant bearing on the country's battle to offset poverty; the country's GHI is still serious and the proportion of the population below the minimum dietary energy consumption is still high (23% on average) whilst the MDG I target stands at 20%. The major deduction from these findings is that there is a need for more concerted efforts in Malawi to refine agricultural growth investments; this can be carried out efficiently by developing a National Agriculture Plan (NAP) which will be a single policy tool that will guide investment and implementation of priorities in the sector.

Untersucht werden Entwicklung und Stellung der Landwirtschaft Thailands sowie mögliche Entwicklungen dieses Sektors in der Zukunft. Für den behandelten Zeitraum von 1950-1982 gilt, daß die Landwirtschaft Thailands im Vergleich mit den meisten "Entwicklungsländern" recht erfolgreich war. Das verwendete Datenmaterial reicht bis 1982. (DÜI-Xyl)